Work Authorization (EAD) vs Green Card: Which One Do You Need?
If you’re planning to live and work in the United States, you’ve likely come across terms like Employment Authorization Document (EAD) and Green Card. Both play an important role in immigration, but they serve very different purposes. For many immigrants, figuring out which one they need can be confusing.
At Wogwu Law, we understand how challenging these decisions can be and are here to help you make informed choices about your immigration journey.
What is a Work Authorization Document (EAD)?
An Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is a temporary work permit that allows non-U.S. citizens to work in the United States legally. It’s a valuable option for those who are in the U.S. under specific circumstances and need permission to work while pursuing other immigration goals.
Who Can Apply for an EAD?
Many people in Texas and across the U.S. qualify for an EAD. Here are some common eligibility categories:
- F-1 Students on Optional Practical Training (OPT): If you’re an international student on an F-1 visa, you can apply for an EAD under the OPT program to work in your field of study after graduation.
- H-4 Visa Holders: Spouses of H-1B workers who are on the path to obtaining a Green Card can apply for an EAD, granting them the ability to work legally.
- L-2 Visa Holders: If your spouse holds an L-1 visa, you may be eligible for an EAD. This is a great option for spouses looking to pursue professional opportunities while accompanying their partner.
- Asylum Seekers: Those with pending asylum applications can apply for an EAD after their case has been pending for 150 days, giving them a way to support themselves while awaiting a decision.
- Victims of Certain Crimes: U visa and T visa holders, who are victims of crimes such as human trafficking or domestic violence, may also qualify for an EAD.
How Do You Get an EAD?
The process begins with filing Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. Once approved, the EAD card typically takes several months to arrive. However, processing times can vary, so planning ahead is essential. Keep in mind that an EAD doesn’t provide a pathway to citizenship and may require a separate travel permit if you plan to leave the U.S.
What is a Green Card?
A Green Card, officially known as a Permanent Resident Card, is much more than a work permit. It grants you the right to live and work permanently in the United States. For many, it’s a stepping stone toward U.S. citizenship.
Benefits of Having a Green Card
A Green Card comes with several advantages:
- Permanent Residency: You’re allowed to live anywhere in the U.S. indefinitely.
- Work Authorization: Unlike an EAD, a Green Card doesn’t need renewal to maintain your ability to work, except every ten years for the card itself.
- Pathway to Citizenship: After holding a Green Card for a specific period (usually five years), you may become eligible to apply for U.S. citizenship.
Ways to Obtain a Green Card
There are several ways to qualify for a Green Card:
- Family-Based Green Cards: If you’re the immediate relative of a U.S. citizen or Green Card holder, you may be eligible.
- Employment-Based Green Cards: For those with job offers or exceptional skills, employers can sponsor you for permanent residency.
- Special Categories: This includes asylum seekers, refugees, and certain crime victims.
Additional Benefits
- Sponsoring Family Members: Green Card holders can sponsor close relatives, such as spouses and children, for immigration.
- Federal Benefits: Permanent residents are eligible for some federal programs, including Social Security.
- Protection from Deportation: A Green Card provides more stability than temporary visas or EADs.
- International Travel: Green Card holders can travel abroad more easily than those with just an EAD, although extended absences can impact your residency status.
EAD vs Green Card: Key Differences
Here’s a side-by-side comparison to help clarify how these two documents differ:
Feature | Employment Authorization Document (EAD) | Green Card |
Purpose | Temporary work permit | Permanent residency and work |
Eligibility | Various non-immigrant visa holders | Family, employment, or special categories |
Benefits | Legal work authorization | Permanent residency, work, travel |
Duration | Usually one year (renewable) | Permanent (renew every 10 years) |
Travel Restrictions | Requires separate travel permit | Flexible travel options |
Pathway to Citizenship | No | Yes |
Renewal Process | Tied to visa or immigration status | Straightforward |
Which One Do You Need?
The choice between an EAD and a Green Card depends on your individual circumstances. Here are some scenarios to help you decide:
- When to Choose an EAD: If you’re in the U.S. on a temporary visa and need immediate work authorization, an EAD can be the right option. For example, F-1 students on OPT or spouses of H-1B workers often rely on EADs.
- When to Choose a Green Card: If you’re looking for long-term stability and eventual citizenship, a Green Card is the better choice. It’s ideal for individuals with family or employer sponsorship.
- When You Might Need Both: Some people apply for an EAD while waiting for their Green Card to be approved. This allows them to work legally during the often lengthy Green Card process.
If you’re unsure which document is best for you, consulting with an immigration attorney can help clarify your options and set you on the right path.
Need Help with Your Immigration Journey? Contact Wogwu Law Today!
At Wogwu Law, we’re here to support you every step of the way. Whether you need assistance applying for an EAD, working through the Green Card process, or exploring other immigration options, we’re ready to help.
Call us today at 210-972-4480 or visit our Contact Us page to schedule a consultation. Let’s work together to achieve your immigration goals.